Kidney cancer - Wikipedia. Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the cells in the kidney. The two most common types of kidney cancer are renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC, also known as urothelial cell carcinoma) of the renal pelvis. These names reflect the type of cell from which the cancer developed. The different types of kidney cancer (such as RCC and UCC) develop in different ways, meaning that the diseases have different long term outcomes, and need to be staged and treated in different ways. RCC is responsible for approximately 8. UCC accounts the majority of the remainder. These include: Cancer in the kidney may also be secondary, the result of metastasis from a primary cancer elsewhere in the body. Signs and symptoms. Other symptoms may include tiredness, loss of appetite, weight loss, a high temperature and heavy sweating, and persistent pain in the abdomen. Most cancers in the renal tubule are renal cell carcinoma and clear cell adenocarcinoma. Most cancers in the renal pelvis are transitional cell carcinoma. Treatment. Surgery is the most common treatment as kidney cancer does not often respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgical complexity can be estimated by the RENAL Nephrometry Scoring System. If the cancer has not spread it will usually be removed by surgery. In some cases this involves removing the whole kidney however most tumors are amenable to partial removal to eradicate the tumor and preserve the remaining normal portion of the kidney. Surgery is not always possible . Renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Health Information on Diabetes: MedlinePlus Multiple Languages Collection. 4 Steps to Control Your Diabetes for Life 4 Kauj Ruam Los Tswj Cov Ntshav Qab Zib. If the cancer cannot be treated with surgery other techniques such as freezing the tumour or treating it with high temperatures may be used. However these are not yet used as standard treatments for kidney cancer. These tumors can begin to grow when a fetus is still developing in the uterus, and may not cause problems until the child is a few years old. Wilms' tumor is most common in children under the age of 5, but can rarely be diagnosed in older children or in adults. It is still not clear what causes most Wilms' tumors. The most common symptoms are swelling of the abdomen and blood in the urine. This is thought to be a real increase, not only due to changes in the way the disease is diagnosed. In Europe, kidney cancer accounts for nearly 3% of all cancer cases. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (in Dutch and Flemish). Retrieved 3. 1 March 2. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). Retrieved February 2. American Cancer Society. Tarone; Joseph K Mc. Laughlin (1. 3 December 2. American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. National Cancer Institute, U. S. National Institutes of Health. In Ries, LAG; Young, JL; Keel, GE; Eisner, MP; Horner, M- J. SEER Survival Monograph: Cancer Survival Among Adults: US SEER Program, 1. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2. 7 October 2. Renal Calculi - National Library of Medicine. Evidence reviews. Stones in the urinary tract are a common medical problem. Half of patients with previous urinary stones have a recurrence within 1. Kidney stones can cause pain, blood in the urine, infection, decreased kidney function, and kidney failure.
The treatment is to remove the stones from kidney. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) disintegrates stones using shock waves and is a minimally invasive technique. Other minimally invasive methods (percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)) are widely used for kidney stones management because ESWL had limited success rate. This review aimed to compare the effectiveness and complications between ESWL and stones removing using the nephroscopy through the skin at kidney level (PCNL) or ureteroscope through the bladder and ureter to the kidney (RIRS). Five small randomised studies (3. Four studies compared ESWL with PCNL and one study compared ESWL with RIRS. Patients with kidney stones who undergo PCNL have a higher success rate than ESWL whereas RIRS was not significantly different from ESWL. However, ESWL patients spent less time in hospital, duration of treatment was shorter and there were fewer complications. Kidney stones (also known as calculi) are masses of crystals and protein and are common causes of urinary tract obstruction in adults. For a long time, increased water intake has been the main preventive measure for the disease and its recurrence. In this review only one study was found that looked at the effect of increase water intake on recurrence and time to recurrence. Increased water intake decreased the chance of recurrence and increased the time to recurrence. Further studies are needed. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is an inherited metabolic abnormality characterised by excessive amounts of calcium excreted into the urine in patients with normal serum levels of calcium. The main complications of this disease in adults are the formation of kidney stones and bone loss. In children, hypercalciuria can cause recurrent haematuria (blood in the urine), frequency. The aim of this review was to evaluate the benefits and harms of drug treatments for preventing the complications of idiopathic hypercalciuria. We identified four studies comparing thiazides (diuretics) with either standard treatment of clinical follow. There was a decrease in the number of new stones in the group receiving thiazides as well as an increase in the time taken for new stone formation. The addition of potassium salts to thiazide treatment significantly reduced the amount of calcium excreted in the urine. No studies in children were identified and there were no studies investigating the use of drug treatment for those with hypercalciuria but were symptom free. See all (5. 9) Summaries for consumers. Kidney stones are very common, especially in people between the ages of 2. These small, hard deposits form in the renal pelvis and can enter a ureter. Larger stones can be painful and often have to be surgically removed. There are several options for treatment and prevention. Stones in the urinary tract are a common medical problem. Half of patients with previous urinary stones have a recurrence within 1. Kidney stones can cause pain, blood in the urine, infection, decreased kidney function, and kidney failure. The treatment is to remove the stones from kidney. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) disintegrates stones using shock waves and is a minimally invasive technique. Other minimally invasive methods (percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)) are widely used for kidney stones management because ESWL had limited success rate. This review aimed to compare the effectiveness and complications between ESWL and stones removing using the nephroscopy through the skin at kidney level (PCNL) or ureteroscope through the bladder and ureter to the kidney (RIRS). Five small randomised studies (3. Four studies compared ESWL with PCNL and one study compared ESWL with RIRS. Patients with kidney stones who undergo PCNL have a higher success rate than ESWL whereas RIRS was not significantly different from ESWL. However, ESWL patients spent less time in hospital, duration of treatment was shorter and there were fewer complications. Small kidney stones often pass on their own and don't need treatment as long as they don't cause any severe pain or complications. Larger kidney stones usually need to be removed. Depending on how large the kidney stones are and where they're located, they can be destroyed, removed using endoscopy or operated on. Kidney stones with a diameter of less than 5 millimeters pass on their own 7. The amount of time this takes varies greatly. Small kidney stones are often passed in your urine after one or two weeks. If a stone is expected to be flushed out with your urine without any treatment, it's usual to simply wait. Anti- inflammatory painkillers like diclofenac can provide relief if the kidney stone causes pain as it travels through the ureter. Larger stones will usually have to be broken up or surgically removed. This needs to be done in the following instances: The kidney stone isn't passed within four weeks. There are complications. It causes severe renal colic. The stone is larger than 1. Uric acid stones can sometimes be dissolved using medication.
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